心态决定年龄

Author object (1) 2013-11-21 16:18

记忆测试影响老人对年龄的认知,让他们觉得自己更老,而实际上他们的记忆力没有任何问题。或许年纪大了记忆力就会变差,这个刻板印象应该改改了,不然会影响老人的健康状况呢。

“前人研究已经证明,一个人认为自己有多老(即主观年龄)对其健康状况有着显著影响,甚至比其实际年龄影响更大。”德克萨斯A&M大学高级研究员Lisa Geraci这么说到,“新的研究结果更有意思,主观年龄的可塑造性是很强的,因此我们也许能改变老年人的主观年龄,影响他们的认知与行为。”

由于记忆力与年龄相关这一刻板印象,Geraci与研究生Matthew Hughes和Ross DeForrest假设,记忆力测试能显示出老年人的年龄身份(highlight age identity for older adults),使他们在测试后感觉自己更老。

在第一个研究中,研究者聘请了22位年龄分布在65-85岁的老年人,请他们在一条0-120岁的年龄线上标出他们觉得自己有多大(主观年龄)。之后研究者给被试们进行了一项测试,评估他们的各项认知功能以及记忆力。之后被试们再一次在年龄线上标出自己的主观年龄。

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在研究开始时,被试报告的主观年龄在58.59岁,比他们的实际年龄75.05岁年轻许多。

然而,在记忆力测试之后,他们的主观年龄增加到63.14岁,比他们初次报告的年龄老了5岁。

进一步研究显示,这种结果是来自老年人与记忆力测试两个变量,因为这项测试对年轻些的成年人没有影响,同时那些做词汇测试而不是记忆力测试的老年人也没得到相同的结果。

最后一项研究显示,记忆力测试并非得出实验结果的必须:简单的阅读记忆力测试的说明就足以影响老年被试的主观年龄。

“这项研究显示,简单地将老年人放在记忆力测试的环境中就会影响他们对自己的认知。”Geraci说。

值得注意的是,被试并没有显示出任何实际上的记忆问题,说明这是他们对自己能力的认知—而非实际能力—影响了他们对自己年龄的感知。

Geraci与她的学生仍在寻找其他影响主观年龄的因素,而且他们也在探索,是否有哪些任务,能让老年人觉得他们自己更年轻。

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需要更多关于研究的信息可以联系Lisa Geraci lgeraci@tamu.edu.

原文地址:http://www.psychologicalscience.org/index.php/news/releases/brief-memory-test-ages-older-adults.html

原文发布时间 2013年10月15日,研究发表在Psychological Science上。

研究简介:

Researchers in a memory lab at Texas A&M University noticed that all the older people coming in as volunteers were really worried about how they’d do.

So the scientists decided to measure how taking a memory test affects a person’s subjective sense of age. Before the test, the 22 participants felt pretty darned good. Even though their average age was 75, they said they felt about 58.

Then they were given a list of 30 nouns, told to study them for two minutes, and then asked to recall as many of them as they could in three minutes. The participants did fine on the memory test. But when they were asked afterward how old they felt, they said they felt about 63; they had aged five years in five minutes.

“It really demonstrates the power of context,” Lisa Geraci , an associate professor of psychology at Texas A&M and a co-author of the study, tells Shots. Putting the test subjects in a situation that reminded them of their greatest fear of aging, Geraci says, affected their self-perception.

 

研究介绍地址:http://www.psychologicalscience.org/index.php/news/want-to-feel-5-years-older-just-take-a-memory-test.html

 

译者&编辑:Zz

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